Drought in the golden state

Here is another argument for establishing community gardens. 

"The almond orchards are beginning to bloom in California’s Central Valley, the vast swath of fertile, flat land that runs up and down the middle of the state. Bees are pollinating the rows of flowering trees, and the harvest will shape up over the coming months. But for many farmers, one crucial thing is missing from this picture – water.

The US Bureau of Reclamation, which manages water allocation in arid regions, announced last week it will not provide vital irrigation to Central Valley farmers this year because of drought, and the California State Water Project expects to meet only 15 percent of water requests.

“That’s unheard-of,” says Jim Jasper, an almond farmer in Newman, Calif. “We’ve never seen a zero allocation for water.” Many growers here are destroying older and less productive trees to conserve water for other crops.

The University of California estimates that the drought may cause 847,000 acres to go unplanted this year, with income reductions of more than $2 billion and the loss of 70,000 jobs" (Christian Science Monitor 2/26/09).

With climate change, the precipitous fall in all commodity prices, the flight of cheap immigrant labor and the difficulty in securing credit, relying on the agricultural pipeline to continue supplying our supermarket shelves with fresh produce, dairy and grain may be a mistake. It makes sense to begin appropriating community plots now and planning for spring planting. This can do three things immediately: 1) provide local food security, 2) improve local nutrition, and 3) provided your locality successfully bids for federal relief funds, community gardens can create paying jobs. For more information on community gardens see http://www.mrsc.org/Subjects/Parks/comgarden.asp

Global Depression

It has spawned many names: financial crisis, economic meltdown, depression 2.0, depression 2009, financial armageddon, economic catastrophe, TSHTF... you get the idea. I insist on the label "global depression," because one of the distinguishing features of this financial downward spiral is that it is the first of its kind that will touch each of the 7 billion people on our planet.

Globally, markets are linked together in an intricate web of trade and transaction, so much so that an event in one sector quickly spreads throughout the system. Early on, in September and October of this year (funny how that seems so long ago...way back when I had a retirement nest egg), there were some economists speculating that China, that dynamo of economic growth, might pull markets out of their tailspin--today there are few such optimists left. China's growth has come to a screeching halt: AFP reports that China's growth has slowed to a 20-year low and millions of urban workers are returning to the countryside in one of the largest outmigrations in the nation's history. Even for countries peripheral to global high finance the impact of the economic downturn if being felt. According to IMF reports, the financial crisis is severely impacting the countries of Africa.

The global extent of the coming depression is disconcerting in that social and political instability are sure to increase as markets and prices fall (as it turns out deflation can be more destructive than inflation). Today a full 50% of the world's population lives in urban areas. City dwellers are dependent on the currency for their very survival. As unemployment rises and money becomes scarce, what will these billions of marginally employed people do to live? The future could get very bleak very quickly for many. The depression of the 1930s was bad enough, but at that time the vast majority of the world's population lived an agrarian life where sustenance was not an issue. If you grew crops for your livelihood, your harvest might have fallen in value, but at least you had something to eat. If the global financial crisis does not turn around very soon there will be first a major shift in migration patterns for the millions who still have an option to move out of the cities (as noted above we are already seeing this in China), and then an unprecedented degree of social disintegration as our swollen cities convulse with violence and unrest.

As our financial system is not localizable, the political unrest due to poverty will not be contained within national borders. It will have effects here as well. Take a walk around downtown Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York City (just beyond the gentrified sections of the city)...the millions living at the margins are in a precarious position. With no savings, no jobs and dependence on a bankrupt state, their options are few. As Bob Marley so aptly put it: "a hungry man is an angry man."

One way to avoid potential social collapse is to support poverty fighting measures in your own backyard. Speculate on worst case scenarios for the next few years. As jobs become scarce and state largess evaporates, how can your community put those most at risk in a less precarious position? I suggest developing or radically expanding community agriculture projects that would at the very least ensure a local supply of fresh food for the most at risk families. If the downturn turns around, and the darkest of outcomes is avoided, you have contributed to the development of a diversified local economy (mixing agriculture with other industries), added to your region's green cred and created jobs to boot!

Community Gardens

I was listening to This American Life the other day and they were playing recorded interviews conducted by that ethnographer of the common man: Studs Turkle. These recordings were of people recalling Depression Era America and how they coped and what they experienced. I was struck by one lady who said something along the lines of "Well, we lived in the country, so food wasn't a problem for us..." Most of our impressions of the 1930s are of soup lines, children selling apples for a nickle and long lines of men queuing to interview for a few available jobs--all in an urban setting. Except for the Okies heading out of the dust bowl for California, we really have little idea of how rural folks experienced the depression. Provided that you could pay the mortgage, farmers probably avoided many of the deprivations that were rampant in the cities. Unfortunately for us today, the US population (largely rural in the 1930s) has ballooned in urban areas, making basic food security an issue should the economic crisis wreak havoc on our food systems (a situation that is altogether likely in the case of either inflation or deflation--and it is clear that we're going to get one or the other).

To hedge against the worst possible outcomes of this crisis (i.e. food scarcity), we should look to the "victory garden" movement in the 1940s. People from all over America rallied during World War Two and planted millions of vegetable gardens to ensure food security for the US and its troops overseas. As budgets get tight, job losses mount and unemployment grows, we will need surplus food in every locale. The government may or may put out the call for all red-blooded citizens to take up the hoe and begin sowing the seeds of our future recovery. Regardless, we should be look ahead toward a dark couple of years and act in our own collective interests.

We would be wise to begin a similar movement today to have arrangements ready for planting in spring 2009. Backyard gardens are a good idea for those who have a backyard. For the millions of apartment dwellers in the US, and those of us who have really tiny backyards, community gardens could serve to bolster household food production and slash grocery bills while creating an opportunity to connect with other people in the area. So, start a community garden today and look forward to a bountiful 2009. The American Community Garden Association is a very good organization that promotes the creation of community gardens at http://www.communitygarden.org/. Their website has tutorials on all the steps involved in organizing a community garden. Also check out http://www.revivevictorygarden.org/ for good tips on how to optimize your yard or patio space for household gardens.

Surviving the global depression...with cabbages!

It is tough enough figuring out what is happening in our economy day-to-day, let alone trying to understand the full implications of its current collapse. The future is uncertain and commentators contradict each other daily in their forecasts. It is certain that the triumph of free market capitalism has faltered and will not recover as soon as its advocates wish (these people have been strangely silent these days). With the fall of Wall Street and credit markets, and with the government going out on shaky limb, it doesn't take too much of a stretch to foresee widespread (read: global) unemployment, inflation, foreclosures and businesses closing shop. Furthermore, food costs will likely begin eating up a larger portion of the family budget. To offset costs, and to take a step toward self-sufficiency, I suggest starting a garden or buying a share in a community sponsored agriculture program http://www.localharvest.org/csa/

I have decided to start a (very) late summer garden plot for cabbages, kale and collards. I have a small plot that I dug up this spring and plated with tomatoes, squash, cucumbers and peppers, only to be routed by a voracious muskrat. He, however, has not made an appearance since July--I hope he has found greener pastures than the barren weed patch he left in his wake. Cabbages take between 70-120 days to mature and do well in cooler weather. I am in Virginia and the winters here are very mild--so, I hope to have a cabbage harvest sometime between January and February. I think that individuals and families have to begin to strengthen not only their social networks, but also their self-sufficiency to better weather whatever may come. There is a good site for planting in the autumn and winter http://www.harvestwizard.com/2008/08/planting.html

Continue to stock up the pantry, and in the meantime start a winter garden. If for no other reason than to get outside and take your mind off of your dwindling retirement portfolio. There are a number of veggies that do quite well in the winter, depending on light exposure and minimum temperatures. If you are in an area that freezes, consider an investment in sun boxes (cold frames). And if you have very little land, like me, you'll want to check out "Square Foot Gardening" by Mel Bartholomew.